Welcome to Easy Notes - English Grammar

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NOUNS

1. Nouns are words which name person,places,things and creatures.

•  names of individuals
•  names of particular places
•  names of certain things
•  names of creatures

2. Proper Nouns refer to specific individual people,places,things and creatures.Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.                                                                                  
 

3. Common Nouns refer to general names people,places,things and creatures.
 

         
       

Exercise

Identify nouns in each sentence.

1. They are playing football at the field.
2. The boy is eating.
3. Cats are very cute.
4. Doctors work at a hospital.
5. Siti go to the market.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

1.Countable Nouns are nouns we can count. 

2. Determiners used with these nouns are a, an, a few, many, several, a large number.

3. Uncountable Nouns are nouns we cannot count. We only use singular verbs with uncountable nouns.

4. Determiners used with these nouns are a lot of, a little, some, plenty, any.

Exercise

Choose a suitable determiners provided in brackets.

1. Puan Mariam buys ( a little, a few) sugar at the market.
2. I have (many, some) money.
3. There is (a, several) orange on the table.
4. Katie buys (several, plenty) of balls.
5. Adli is (a, an) honest boy.

PRONOUNS

1. Pronouns take the place nouns.

2. Pronouns are also used when we want to refer to things but we do not name them.

3. Example of pronouns are she, he, it, they, we, I, you, her, him, them, us, hers, his, ours, theirs.

Exercise

Identify pronouns in each sentence.

1. I like her cat.
2. You are smart and intelligent.
3. She is learning French.
4. Ahmad is doing his homework himself.
5. I am eating.

ARTICLES

1.  Articles are a determiner.

2. A and an are indefinite articles used with singular countable nouns.

• A is used before a singular noun which starts with a consonant sound.
• An is used before a singular noun which starts with a vowel sound.
• The is a definite article.It is used:

     (i) to refer to a particular person/thing
     (ii) when there is only one such thing
     (iii) to refer to special names of mountains,oceans,rivers

Exercise

Choose a suitable articles provided in brackets.

1. Kamal is eating (a, the) a plate of fried noodles.

2. Eric buys (an, a) umbrella.

3. A cat is sleeping. (A, The) cat is mine.

4. Gopal is shopping at (the, a) Jaya Super Mall.

5. (A, The) Sun is very bright

ADJECTIVES

1. Adjectives  describe/tell us more about nouns. 

•         They describe more about the colours,shapes,sizes or conditions of nouns.
•         Adjectives can be used to compare nouns or pronouns. 

2.   Three degrees of comparison:

•          positive degree to compare two equal things/people
•          comparative degree to compare two unequal things/people 
•          superlative degree to compare three or more things/people

3. Adjectives is used to:

•          describe colours 
•          describes shapes                                                                                                                               
•          describes sizes 
•          describes conditions 

Exercise

Choose a suitable adjective provided in brackets.

1. The coffee is still (hot, high).
2. This pen is very (red, expensive).
3. Saiful's pillow is very (cold, soft).
4. The rainbow is (colourful, warm).
5. Careful! The floor is (wet, dry).

ADVERBS

1. Adverbs modify/ tell us more about verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.

2. Type of adverbs:

•    manner
•    place
•    time
•    frequency

Exercise

Choose a suitable adverb for each verb.

1. dance    (gracefully, nicely)
2. cry        (bitterly, foolishly)
3. sleep     (cautiously, soundly)
4. talk       (lightly, softly)
5. move    (swiftly, safely)

PREPOSITIONS

1. Prepositions are words which show:

• direction
• time
• place/ position

2. Examples of prepositions are into, at, by, in, over, to, on, off, from, across, behind, upon, 
    in front of and between.

Exercise

Choose a suitable preposition provided in brackets.

1. The boy jumps (on, over) the rock.
2. The cat is sleeping (over, under) the car.
3. Danial runs (across, into) the field.
4. The vase is (behind, upon) the box.
5. The hospital is (opposite, by) the bakery.